Ituaiga fungicides
1.1 E tusa ai ma le fausaga kemisi
Fungicides fa'aletino:O vaega autu o nei fungicides o vailaʻau faʻalaʻau o loʻo i ai le carbon. Talu ai ona o lona fa'avasegaga eseese, e mafai e fungicides fa'aletino ona pulea lelei fa'ama'i eseese.
Chlorothalonil: fungicide lautele-alaala, masani ona faʻaaogaina i fualaau faisua, fualaau aina ma laau teuteu.
Thiophanate-methyl: puipuia ma togafitiga o faʻamaʻi, faʻatatau i fualaau aina, fualaau faisua ma isi.
Thiophanate-Methyl 70% WP Fungicide
Fungicides inorganic:Fungicides inorganic e tele lava e aofia ai mea faʻapitoa, e pei o le kopa, sulfur ma isi. O nei fungicides e fa'aaogaina lautele i fa'ato'aga ma e umi se taimi e totoe.
Suavai Bordeaux: puipuia ma togafitiga o faʻamaʻi mo fualaau aina, fualaau faisua, ma isi.
Sulfur: fungicide masani, faʻaaogaina mo vine, fualaau faisua, ma isi.
1.2 E tusa ai ma le puna o mea mata o fungicides
Fungicides inorganic:E aofia ai sauniuniga apamemea ma le sulfur, o nei fungicides e masani ona faʻaaogaina e pulea ai faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi ma siama.
Copper oxychloride: pulea faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi ma siama.
Fungicides sulfur organic:O nei fungicides e masani lava ona faʻaumatia siama faʻamaʻi e ala i le tuʻuina atu o le hydrogen sulfide, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le puleaina o le paʻu paʻu ma isi faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi.
Sulfur pauta: pulea le pauta palapala, ele ma isi.
Organophosphorus fungicides:Organophosphorus faʻapipiʻi e masani ona faʻaaogaina i faʻatoʻaga e pulea ai faʻamaʻi siama ma faʻamaʻi, faʻatasi ai ma alaleo lautele ma maualuga le lelei.
Mancozeb: fungicide lautele alaleo, pulea o le tele o faamai fungal.
Fungicides arsenic organic:E ui ina aoga, ae o lea ua fa'ate'a ese ona o le maualuga o le oona.
Arsenic acid: maualuga oona, ua aveese nei.
Fungicides e maua mai i le Benzene:O nei fungicides e 'ese'ese le fausaga ma e masani ona fa'aoga e fa'atonutonu ai fa'ama'i 'ese'ese, e pei ole pa'u lalo ma le pa'u palapala.
Carbendazim: fungicide lautele alaleo, pulea o fualaau aina, fualaau faisua ma isi faamai.
Fungicides Azole:Ole fungicides ole Azole e fa'alavelaveina le fa'atupuina o sela sela fungal e tape ai siama pathogenic, fa'aaoga lautele i fualaau aina ma fualaau faisua fa'ama'i.
Tebuconazole: maualuga le lelei, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i fualaau aina, faʻamaʻi fualaau faisua.
Systemic Fungicide Tebuconazole 25% EC
Fungicides apamemea:O sauniuniga kopa e iai le malosi o le bactericidal, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le puleaina o faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi ma siama.
Copper hydroxide: puleaina o fualaau aina, fualaau faisua ma isi faʻamaʻi.
Antibiotic fungicides:O vailaʻau faʻamaʻi e gaosia e microorganisms, e pei o le streptomycin ma le tetracycline, e masani ona faʻaaogaina e pulea ai faʻamaʻi siama.
Streptomycin: pulea faʻamaʻi siama.
Fungicides fa'afefiloi:O le fa'afefiloi o ituaiga fungicides eseese e mafai ona fa'aleleia atili ai le a'afiaga ma fa'aitiitia le tete'e o siama fa'ama'i.
Zineb: fungicide faʻapipiʻi, pulea o faʻamaʻi eseese.
Fungicides Puipuia o La'au Zineb 80% WP
Isi fungicides:E aofia ai nisi fungicides fou ma fa'apitoa, e pei o la'au su'ega ma mea ola.
La'au lauti suau'u taua: fungicide fa'aola fa'anatura, alaleo lautele antibacterial.
1.3 E tusa ai ma le auala o le faʻaaogaina
Su'ega puipuia: fa'aaogaina e puipuia ai le tupu mai o fa'ama'i.
Faʻafefiloi Bordeaux: faia i le sulfate apamemea ma le lime, o loʻo i ai se aʻafiaga faʻamaʻi lautele ma e masani ona faʻaaogaina e puipuia ai faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi ma siama o fualaau aina, fualaau faisua ma isi fua.
Sulfur taofiga: o le mea autu o le sulfur, faʻaaogaina lautele i le puipuia ma le puleaina o le tele o faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, e pei o le paʻu paʻu, ele ma isi.
Su'ega fa'afoma'i: fa'aaogaina e togafitia ai fa'ama'i ua uma ona tupu.
Carbendazim: o se fungicide lautele o alaleo faʻatasi ma aʻafiaga puipuia ma togafitiga, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le puipuia ma le puleaina o fualaau aina, fualaau faisua ma isi faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi.
Thiophanate-methyl: E iai aʻafiaga faʻapitoa ma togafitiga, ma e faʻaaogaina lautele mo faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi o fualaau aina, fualaau faisua ma fugalaau.
Tagata fa'aumatia: Fa'aaogaina e fa'aumatia atoa ai fa'ama'i.
Formaldehyde: faʻaaogaina mo le faʻamaʻiina o le eleele, faʻatasi ai ma le faʻamaʻaina malosi ma le faʻaumatiaina o pathogens, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le fale lauʻeleʻele ma togafitiga eleele.
Chloropicrin: o se eleele fumigant, faʻaaogaina e tape ai siama faʻamaʻi, faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi ma fatu vao i le palapala, talafeagai mo greenhouses, greenhouses ma fanua faʻatoʻaga.
Sui fa'atonu: Fa'asusu i a'a po'o laulaau e maua ai le pulea atoa o la'au.
Tebuconazole: o se fungicide systemic broad-spectrum, faʻaumatia siama faʻamaʻi e ala i le taofia o le tuʻufaʻatasia o sela sela fungal, faʻaaogaina lautele i fualaau aina, fualaau faisua ma meaʻai.
Faasao: fa'aaoga e puipuia ai le pala o a'ano o la'au.
Copper sulfate: faʻatasi ai ma aʻafiaga faʻamaʻi ma faʻamaʻi, e masani ona faʻaogaina i le puipuia ma le puleaina o faʻamaʻi siama o laʻau ma puipuia ai le pala o laʻau.
1.4 E tusa ai ma uiga fa'aoso
Fungicide faiga: e mafai ona mitiia e le laau ma ave i le laau atoa, ma sili atu aafiaga pulea.
Pyraclostrobin: o se ituaiga fou o fungicide systemic broad-spectrum ma aʻafiaga puipuia ma togafitiga, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i fualaau aina, fualaau faisua ma isi.
Pyraclostrobin Fungicide 25%SC
Fungicide e le sorbent: na o le faia o se sao i le nofoaga o talosaga, o le a le gaoioi i totonu o le laau.
Mancozeb: o se fungicide puipuia lautele-alaala, e masani ona faʻaaogaina mo le puleaina o faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi, o le a le gaoioi i totonu o le laau pe a uma ona faʻaoga.
1.5 E tusa ai ma le faʻapitoa o gaioiga
Fungicides e tele nofoaga (e le fa'apitoa).: galue i luga o le sili atu ma le tasi le gaioiga faʻaletino o le pathogen.
Mancozeb: galue i le tele o gaioiga faʻaletino o le faʻamaʻi, e iai sona aafiaga faʻamaʻi lautele, ma puipuia ai faʻamaʻi eseese.
Fungicides nofofua (fa'apitoa).: na'o le galue i luga o se fa'agasologa fa'aletino o le pathogen.
Tebuconazole: E galue i faiga faʻapitoa faʻapitoa o le faʻamaʻi ma faʻaumatia le siama faʻamaʻi e ala i le faʻalavelaveina o le faʻaogaina o le membrane cell fungal.
1.6 E tusa ai ma auala eseese o gaioiga
Fungicides puipuia: e aofia ai a'afiaga fa'ama'i fa'afeso'ota'i ma a'afiaga fa'ama'i totoe.
Mancozeb: fungicide puipuiga lautele-alaala, faʻaaogaina e puipuia ai faʻamaʻi eseese.
Sulfur taofiga: fungicide lautele alaleo, faʻaaogaina e puipuia ma pulea le paʻu palapala ma le 'ele.
Fungicides faiga: e aofia ai le faʻaogaina o apical ma le faʻaogaina o le basal.
Pyraclostrobin: fungicide fou o alaleo lautele ma aʻafiaga puipuia ma togafitiga.
Propiconazole: ose fungicide systemic, e masani ona faʻaaogaina i le puipuia ma le puleaina o faʻamaʻi o cereals, fualaau aina ma isi mea totō.
Fungicide Organic Propiconazole 250g/L EC
1.7 E tusa ai ma le auala faʻaoga
Togafitiga palapala:
Formaldehyde: fa'aaogaina mo le fa'amama palapala, fa'amamateina siama fa'ama'i i le palapala.
Fualaau ma laulaau:
Carbendazim: Faʻaaogaina e faʻafefe ai laʻau ma laulaau e pulea ai faʻamaʻi eseese.
Togafitiga fatu:
Thiophanate-methyl: faʻaaogaina mo togafitiga fatu e puipuia ai fatu fatu ma faʻamaʻi pipisi.
1.8 E tusa ai ma vailaʻau vailaʻau eseese
Fungicides inorganic:
Faʻafefiloi Bordeaux: o se faʻafefiloi o le kopa sulfate ma le lime, fungicide lautele-alaala.
Sulfur: faʻaaogaina lautele i le puleaina o le paʻu paʻu, 'ele ma isi.
Fungicides fa'aletino:
Carbendazim: fungicide lautele alaleo, pulea o le tele o faamai fungal.
Tebuconazole: fungicide faʻaogaina lautele-alaala, faʻalavelave le faʻapipiʻiina o sela sela fungal.
Fungicides olaola:
Streptomycin: vailaʻau faʻamaʻi e gaosia e microorganisms, e masani ona faʻaaogaina e pulea ai faʻamaʻi siama.
Fa'ato'aga fa'ama'i fungicides:
Streptomycin: vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, pulea faʻamaʻi siama.
Tetracycline: vailaʻau faʻamaʻi, pulea faʻamaʻi siama.
Fungicides e maua mai i laau:
La'au lauti suau'u taua: fuala'au fa'anatura fa'aola fa'atasi ai ma a'afiaga fa'ama'i fa'ama'i lautele.
1.9 E tusa ai ma ituaiga eseese o fausaga vailaʻau
Fungicides e maua mai i le Carbamate:
Carbendazim: fungicide lautele alaleo e pulea ai le tele o faamai fungal.
Amide fungicides:
Metribuzin: e masani ona faʻaaogaina mo le puleaina o vao, e iai foʻi se aafiaga faʻafefe.
Fungicides heterocyclic e ono itutino:
Pyraclostrobin: o se fungicide fou faʻapipiʻi lautele faʻatasi ma aʻafiaga puipuia ma togafitiga.
Fungicides heterocyclic e lima vaega:
Tebuconazole: fungicide faʻaogaina lautele o alaleo, faʻalavelave faʻapipiʻi sela sela fungal.
Organophosphorus ma methoxyacrylate fungicides:
Methomyl: e masani ona faʻaaogaina e pulea ai faʻamaʻi iniseti, ae e iai foʻi se aafiaga faʻapitoa.
Fungicides apamemea:
Faʻafefiloi Bordeaux: o se faʻafefiloi o le sulfate apamemea ma le lime, faʻamaʻi faʻamaʻi lautele.
Fungicides sulfur inorganic:
Sulfur fa'agata: fa'aaogaina lautele i le puleaina o le paʻu paʻu, ele, ma isi.
Fungicides arsenic organic:
Arsenic acid: maualuga oona, ua aveese nei.
Isi fungicides:
La'au fa'ato'aga ma fa'aputuga fou (pei o le la'au lauti suau'u mana'omia): fa'aola fa'ama'i fa'ama'i lautele, puipuiga o le si'osi'omaga ma le saogalemu.
Ituaiga fungicide
2.1 Pa'u (DP)
E ala i le ulua'i vailaau fa'ato'aga ma mea fa'atumu fa'atosina fa'afefiloi i se vaega fa'apitoa, nutimomoia ma fa'amama le pauta. E masani ona faʻaaogaina mo le faʻafefe o le paʻu i le gaosiga.
2.2 Pa'u susu (WP)
O le uluai vailaau faʻatoʻaga, faʻatumu ma se aofaʻi o faʻaopoopoga, i le faʻatusatusa i le faʻafefiloi atoa ma le tuʻimomomoina, e ausia ai se faʻamaʻi lelei o le paʻu. E mafai ona faʻaaogaina mo le faʻafefe.
2.3 Emulsion (EC)
Ua lauiloa foi o le "emulsion". E ala i le uluai vailaau e tineia ai manu faalafua e tusa ai ma se vaega patino o solvents organic ma emulsifiers solo i totonu o se vai suau'u manino. E mafai ona fa'aoga mo le fa'asalaina. Emulsion e faigofie ona ulu i totonu o le iniseti epidermis, sili atu nai lo le paʻu susu.
2.4 Vai (AS)
O nisi vaila'au e fa'afefeteina i le vai, ma e mafai ona fa'aoga i vai e aunoa ma ni mea fa'aopoopo. E pei o le tioata lithosulfuric acid, insecticide faalua, ma isi.
2.5 Granules (GR)
Faia e ala i le faʻapipiʻiina o se aofaʻi o soʻotaga faʻatasi ma vaega eleele, cinder, piliki slag, oneone. E masani lava ona tu'imomomo fa'atasi le fa'atumu ma fa'ama'i fa'ato'aga i totonu o se mea e sili ona lelei o le pa'u, fa'aopoopo le vai ma le sui fesoasoani e fai ai granules. E mafai ona fa'asalalau lima pe fa'ainisinia.
2.6 Sui fa'amalolo (gel fa'amalolo) (SC)
O le fa'aogaina o le susu ultra-micro-grinding, pesticide pa'u fa'ata'apeina i le vai po'o le suāu'u ma surfactants, le fa'avaeina o fa'asusu vai fe'avea'i. Suspension agent fefiloi ma so'o se vaega o le vai e fa'amavae, talafeagai mo auala eseese e fa'afefe ai. A maeʻa le faʻafefe, e mafai ona faʻasaoina le 20% ~ 50% o le vailaʻau muamua ona o le tetee atu i le timu.
2.7 Fumigane (FU)
Le faʻaogaina o vailaʻau malosi ma le sulfuric acid, vai ma isi mea e tali atu ai e maua ai kasa oona, poʻo le faʻaogaina o mea e faʻafefe ai le vai e faʻafefeteina kasa oona, fumigation i totonu tapuni ma isi siosiomaga faʻapitoa e tape ai faʻamaʻi ma siama o le sauniuniga.
2.8 Aerosol (AE)
Aerosol o se vai po'o se vaifofo suau'u vaila'au fa'ama'i, fa'aogaina o le vevela po'o le malosi fa'ainisinia, o le vai fa'asalalauina i totonu o se fa'atumauina faifaipea o tama'i matau'a i le ea, avea ma aerosol.
Faiga ole fungicides
3.1 A'afiaga i le fausaga ma le gaioiga o sela
Fungicides e taofia ai le tuputupu aʻe ma le toe gaosia o siama pathogenic e ala i le aʻafiaina o le fausiaina o puipui sela fungal ma le biosynthesis membrane plasma. O nisi fungicides e le puipuia ai sela faʻamaʻi e ala i le faʻaumatiaina o le tuʻufaʻatasiga o le puipui sela, lea e iʻu ai i le oti sela.
3.2 A'afiaga i le gaosiga o le malosi telefoni feavea'i
Fungicides e mafai ona faʻalavelave i le gaosiga o le malosi o pathogens e ala i auala eseese. Mo se faʻataʻitaʻiga, o nisi vailaʻau faʻamaʻi e taofia le glycolysis ma le fatty acid β-oxidation, ina ia le mafai e siama ona maua le malosi masani, lea e iʻu ai i lo latou oti.
3.3 A'afiaina le tu'ufa'atasiga o vaila'au fa'afoma'i feavea'i ma a latou galuega
O nisi fungicides e galue e ala i le faʻalavelave i le tuʻufaʻatasia o gaʻo nucleic acids ma polotini. O nei metabolic process e taua mo le tuputupu ae ma le toe gaosia o pathogens; o le mea lea, e ala i le taofiofia o nei faiga, e mafai e fungicides ona pulea lelei le tupu ma le salalau o faʻamaʻi.
3.4 Fa'aosofia le pulea e le tagata lava ia
O nisi fungicides e le gata e gaoioi tuusa'o i siama pathogenic, ae fa'aosoina ai fo'i le fa'ama'i a le laau. O nei fungicides e mafai ona fa'atupuina ai e la'au le “immune substances” e fa'apitoa e fa'asaga i fa'ama'i po'o le auai i le metabolism e gaosia ai mea e malosi e tetee atu i fa'ama'i, ma fa'ateleina ai le tete'e atu o le la'au i fa'ama'i.
Fa'ai'uga
Ole fungicides e iai sona sao taua ile fa'ato'aga fa'aonaponei e ala i le puleaina ma le puipuia o fa'ama'i o la'au i auala eseese. O ituaiga eseese o fungicides ei ai a latou lava uiga e tusa ai ma le fausaga o vailaʻau, auala o le faʻaogaina, faʻaogaina o meatotino ma le faʻaogaina o gaioiga, lea e faʻaaogaina lautele ai i faʻatoʻaga eseese. O le filifiliga saʻo ma le faʻaogaina o fungicides e mafai ona faʻaleleia lelei le fua ma le lelei o fualaʻau ma faʻamautinoa le atinaʻeina gafataulimaina o gaosiga o faʻatoʻaga.
FAQ
FAQ 1: O le a le fungicide fa'aola?
Fungicides fa'aletino o fungicides e faia i mea fa'aola o lo'o i ai le kaponi, e eseese fausaga ma le tele o a'afiaga fa'ama'i.
FAQ 2: O a ituaiga autu o fungicides?
O fa'asologa autu ole fungicides e aofia ai pauta, pa'u susu, suau'u emulsifiable, vaifofo vai, granules, gels, fumigants, aerosols ma fumigants.
FAQ 3: O le a le 'ese'esega i le va o le fungicide fa'apitoa ma le fungicide e le fa'aogaina?
Fungicides e mafai ona mitiia e le laau ma tuʻuina atu i le laau atoa, lea e sili atu le pulea lelei; fungicides non-sorbent na o le galue i le nofoaga o talosaga ma e le minoi i totonu o le laau.
FAQ 4: E fa'afefea ona a'afia e fungicides le metabolism o le tino?
Fungicides e taofia ai le tuputupu aʻe ma le toe gaosia o pathogens e ala i le faʻalavelaveina o le tuʻufaʻatasia o nucleic acids ma proteins, e aʻafia ai le gaosiga o le malosi, ma faʻaumatia le fausaga o le sela.
FAQ 5: O a ni mea lelei ole fungicides e maua mai i laau?
Ole fungicides fa'asao fa'asao e faia mai i la'au fa'ato'aga ma e masani ona maualalo le o'ona, fa'alelei le si'osi'omaga ma fa'aitiitia le fa'atupuina o le tete'e.
Taimi meli: Iul-01-2024
